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Objectives, constraints, algorithms, and trade-offs.
Foundation
When does an AI conversation reach a human agent?
Use contacts an AI cannot resolve—or that require human judgment—to understand exponential waiting times, memorylessness, Poisson thinning, queues, and their limits in crises.
Read article ↗A Chuseok chicken stockout, demand, and inventory
A café queue and a Chuseok chicken stockout explain Poisson demand, stockout probability, expected lost sales, and inventory decisions.
Read article ↗Real decisions rarely have one goal
When cost, carbon, recycled content, and supply reliability collide, how do you decide? An EV battery procurement case I worked through.
Read article ↗Even planning dinner with friends is an optimization problem
Optimization explained through a New York dinner plan: decision variables, objective functions, constraints, and why choosing one restaurant needs a binary decision.
Read article ↗When no restaurant is perfect for everyone
An intuitive introduction to Pareto dominance, Pareto-optimal solutions, and the Pareto frontier through a New York dinner decision.
Read article ↗Implementation
How do handoff rate, handling time, and staffing change customer waits?
Change an AI contact center's human handoff rate, average handle time, and staffing to compare wait times and service levels in an M/M/c queue.
Read article ↗From average order rates to stockout risk and inventory decisions
Change Poisson demand, inventory, service level, and shortage-versus-leftover costs to compare stockout risk and inventory rules.
Read article ↗